Nietzche’s Moral and Political Philosophy Essay

In â€Å"Nietzche’s Moral and Political Philosophy† Nietzches theory of the strong and weak willed is explained to us. Nietzsche â€Å"seems to want to say that anyone who is strong, independent, and so on — anyone who fits his description o the higher type of man — is one who has value in himself†. I think it is interesting that Nietzsche puts such high value on a man who can think for himself, but if this man has followers and admirers of his work, these followers are considered weak willed. If everyone in the world thought for himself and broke free of the society accepted norms, our World would be one of mad chaos. Nobody believing each other or taking another mans word, everyone having to find out for themselves, and everyone trying to rise above another to â€Å"break free from societal norms†. Although it should be praised when a man has a strong will to power and can break free from the common attitudes and beliefs, i do not believe this path of master morality is something every man should do. Nietzsche seems to place a much higher value on a man that breaks free of society, and says the â€Å"followers† shape everything in society to work against this man,â€Å"[m]oral judgments and condemnations constitute the favorite revenge of the spiritually limited against those less limited† (BGE 219), and he claims that the â€Å"chief means† by which the â€Å"weak and mediocre†¦weaken and pull down the stronger† is â€Å"the moral judgment†. To better understand this you could say, that the Government (the weak willed) put restrictions on citizens to get them to conform to societal norms. The goal of this is to weaken the citizens and prevent them from rising above the government. In the example I used above I would [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] argue to Nietzsche that in rising above this weak willed government in order to become a strong willed person, could mean i am breaking laws and harming others in order to fit in the master morality category. How would he explain criminals who â€Å"break free of societal norms and attitudes† but do it by unjust means? I think this theory of what a strong and weak willed man is, is very questionable. Although you should aspire to question what you are taught and common beliefs are, i don’t believe all men who do this are â€Å"strong-willed†.

Choose 2 or 3 poems and explore how Hopkins’ use of language and the structure of the poems

* Creates a sense of place and/ or a sense of person * Conveys what the poet feels about the place/ person * Creates a sense of change/loss * Conveys strongly to the reader Hopkins' strong beliefs about God/ his duties as a priest/ the human condition/ the environment/ the natural world. I am going to look at the poems Inversnaid and Felix Randall and compare the language and structure used in each poem. I chose these poems because Hopkins conveys a strong sense of place in Inversnaid and a strong sense of person in Felix Randall and he describes the progression of each. They therefore provide a good comparison. Inversnaid is about a Highland stream and its journey is described in four stanzas. The first stanza describes the stream rushing down a mountainside when it reaches a dark pool in the second stanza. The third stanza shows the stream at a entle pace until it reaches home and in the final stanza, Hopkins conveys his own ideas on nature and the landscape. The emphasis in this poem is on the exact details of the stream and its journey rather than God's almighty presence which is what makes Inversnaid an unusual poem for Hopkins because in his other poems there is usually some to reference to God and his Christian beliefs as a priest. Hopkins creates a sense of place by appealing to the senses of the reader- sight, sound and touch. He creates an exact visual image of the stream and its andscape by describing the exact colours, ‘horseback brown, fleece of his foam'. The ‘fleece of his foam' makes you think of a sheep's white fleece and the word fleece makes you think of the texture as well. By associating the colours with common things that everybody recognises like horse and sheep, it allows the reader to imagine exactly what he's describing and it helps the poem appeal to a wider audience because everybody knows what a horse or sheep looks like. Hopkins compares the sound of the stream to ‘flutes', which makes you thi nk of a soft tinkling sound and you can imagine the sound of the stream. Because ‘flutes' is at the beginning of the sentence it suggests the stream is echoing the sound of a waterfall. Hopkins uses words like ‘wiry, flitches (ragged brown tufts)' which help create a sense of place because you can imagine the texture of the landscape. The alliteration and repetition used in the line ‘degged with dew, dappled with dew' emphasises the appearance of the landscape. The words degged and dappled also describe the appearance of the land around the stream because they suggest the idea that the landscape is heavy, shiny and speckled with dew. Hopkins creates a sense of change by describing the stream's movement from its ‘roaring down' to its smooth flowing. He uses words which the reader immediately associates with movement. For example ‘roaring', which is a word normally associated with a lion, when combined with ‘rollrock highroad roaring down' provides the image of the stream rolling and rushing over rocks because rollrock is an onomatopoeia- a word which mimics its sound. The rhythm and alliteration in this line also contribute to imaging the stream's movement. In the second stanza, Hopkins has included words such as ‘turns, twindles and rounds and ounds'. These clearly describe the stream's movement and are all onomatopoeias so the words sound like their action. The assonance and repetition of 'rounds and rounds' enforce the idea that the stream is going round and round. Finally, the second line of the third stanza ‘brook treads through' shows the water's smooth movement. Almost every two lines of Inversnaid ends in rhyme (froth, broth) and there are usually four stresses per line: This darksome burn, horseback brown The pronounced rhyme scheme means you reach the climax in the final stanza of the oem faster because it makes the words flow easily and quickly. The final stanza is where Hopkins strongly conveys to the reader his strong beliefs about the environment. ‘What would the world be, once bereft//Of wet and wilderness? ‘ is a line where Hopkins challenges us which is the effect of the question. He is saying that if the world was robbed of these things, it would be nothing. The repetition of ‘let them be left' emphasises the thought from Hopkins that the wilderness should be conserved, especially with ‘O' at the beginning of the repeated phrase. The last entence of the last stanza begins with ‘long live' which shows Hopkins thinks the environment is very important and that places like Inversnaid should be left as they are forever. This opinion was reflected in a letter to his friend, Robert Bridges, where he expressed his fears about ‘the decline of wild nature'. The alliteration of l's and w's in this stanza adds to the rhythm and rapid delivery of it so that the last stanza is more pronounced and in turn Hopkins' views are more emphatic. The alliteration also helps emphasise his views. Long live the weeds and the wilderness yet. In the first half of this sentence the monosyllables used mean the point ‘long live the weeds' is succinct and so it is enforced. Unlike Inversnaid, Felix Randall is a poem about a person and his progression from a strong young man to a weak old man and finally death. We view him through the eyes of a priest who has known and cared for him. Also unlike Inversnaid, this poem contains many ideas about Hopkins' Christian faith and God and his duties as a priest, Hopkins creates a sense of person by opening the poem with direct speech so it as if the priest is talking to someone and we are overhearing heir conversation, which then moves to a meditation and we see the priest reflecting on Felix's life. The poem also opens with a rhetorical question which emphasises the point that it is as if we are overhearing a conversation. By telling the reader Felix was a farrier, it immediately conjures up many images and shows that Felix was part of a world of ‘craftsmanship and strength', which is also shown by the use of technical language belonging to this world (like forge). He describes Felix as a young man as ‘big-boned and hardy-handsome' and the alliteration of these phrases helps o create strong images of a big, rugged and masculine man. Hopkins describes Felix through his illness ‘impatient he cursed at first', which helps the reader get an idea of his character. He also calls him child which suggests vulnerability and that he is the child of God. In the last stanza, Felix is described as ‘powerful amidst peers' when he was at his best which suggests he was a leader and popular at the work place. Felix Randall is not just about the man in the title but also about the priest who cared for him when he was sick. Hopkins creates a sense of person with the riest by describing him at work and his duties as a priest like blessing the sick ‘anointed and all' and providing holy communion ‘sweet reprieve and ransom'. We also see more of the priest's character when Hopkins conveys what the poet feels about Felix and when he says ‘seeing the sick endears them to us'. This shows that the priest feels compassion for the parishioners that he tends to and that being a priest is more than just a job for him- which could reflect the feelings Hopkins felt for his parishioners and what he feels about Felix. In the third stanza it says that the riest has comforted Felix but he has also been touched by him ‘thy tears that touched my heart. ‘ Hopkins creates a sense of change by describing Felix first as he was young ‘big-boned and hardy-handsome' to ‘pining pining'. There is no punctuation between handsome and pining, which is enjambment, and the effect of this enjambment is that the words are emphasised and so the change from Felix being big-boned to him pining is also emphasised. In the same stanza, Felix is describes as becoming senile and loosing ability to reason, ‘ when reason rambled in it'. Hopkins describes the hange from Felix loosing his ability to reason to having a ‘heavenlier heart' and so he had more piece of mind after being blessed and receiving holy communion. It's in the last stanza that Hopkins conveys a real sense of change when he says ‘how from then forethought of, all they more boisterous //years', suggesting what a long way, and what a change it was from Felix being healthy, loud, young, energetic to how he was before he died, ‘fatal four disorders'- his body giving up mentally and physically. The poem conveys strongly to the reader Hopkins' strong beliefs about his duties as priest by having ‘duty' in the first line of the poem and in the priest's conversation so it's his natural thought and it shows that duty comes first. This is also emphasised because there is a stress on the word duty. Hopkins feels his duties as a priest are to bless the sick when they are dying so they feel more at ease about dying. By doing this it makes him more worthy ‘us too it endears. ‘ He also feels his duties as a priest are to offer spiritual comfort, help his parishioners to seek forgiveness from God and to offer the promise of new life by giving them ‘sweet reprieve and ransom'. Unlike Inversnaid, Felix Randall is a sonnet and has a sprung rhythm. This is when the single stresses come one after the other with no unstressed syllables or a single stress plus any amount of unstressed syllables. There are usually six stresses to a line in this poem whilst Inversnaid has four. Felix Randal, the farrier, O he is dead then? my duty all ended Whereas in Inversnaid Hopkins uses compound words that he has made himself, like twindles (turns and dwindles), he uses colloquial language-Lancashire dialect, ‘all road ever he offended', in Felix Randall, which gives a strong sense of spoken voice nd emphasises the point that it feels like we are overhearing a conversation between the priest and someone else. It also makes the poem less stiff and more emotive because it is someone's thoughts and feelings spoken in their own dialect. The use of colloquial language in this line is to convey a profound spiritual truth as it is saying ‘may all his sins be forgiven'. I prefer Felix Randall because I think Hopkins creates a much stronger sense of person than place and it's much more interesting. I think the structure of the poem is better because it is more effective in conveying Hopkins' ideas. By starting with Felix suffering from a serious illness, and then describing how the priest was able to help him and the benefits the priest gained from that and finally to comparing Felix Randall at his prime to how he was at the end of his life makes it a more emotional poem than Inversnaid. The fact that the poem contains ideas of a person's suffering means that a lot more people can relate to it, than to a poem about a Scottish landscape, because everyone has suffered or seen someone else suffer the effects of old age. The use of colloquial language also makes the poem more accessible. ‘Ah well, God rest him all road ever he offended! ‘

Summary of Psychiatric Journal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The Weed by Amrita Pritam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Work based learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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Japanese Comfort Women Essay Example for Free

Japanese Comfort Women Essay It is estimated that between one and two hundred thousand female sex slaves were forced to deliver sexual services to Japanese soldiers, both before and during World War II. These women were known as comfort women and the Imperial Conference, which was composed of the emperor, representatives from the armed forces and the main Cabinet ministers, approved their use by Japanese soldiers. Walkom) The term comfort women refers to the victims of a premeditated systematic plan originated and implemented by the government of Japan to enslave women considered inferior and subject them to repeated mass rapes, said Michael D. Hausefeld, one of over 35 lawyers in his firm representing the former sexual prisoners in a class action lawsuit currently pending against the Japanese government. (Eddy) Since ancient times, prostitutes in Japan chose to sell their bodies either for family, poverty, or for saving her husband and her children. More or less, their sacrifices were seen as positive. But, being forced to become comfort woman by Japanese is seen as negative. The difference between the Japanese prostitutes and comfort women is that the comfort women did not choose to be trapped as a sex slave and they were not paid for what they did. In 1931, when the Japanese army invaded Manchuria, â€Å"comfort houses† made their first appearances. These comfort houses were created to provide the Japanese soldiers with outlets for their sexual needs. In the beginning, there were only a few comfort houses but after the Nanjin Massacre occurred in 1937, many more were added, basically to every place that the Japanese were stationed. (Walkom) After the Japanese soldiers slaughtered thousands of Chinese people in the Nanjin Massacre, they barbarically raped an insurmountable number of women. As a result, anti-Japanese sentiments grew and it became harder to fully occupy these lands. The government set up comfort houses to decrease disorder and give the approximately two million soldiers a place to satisfy their sexual needs. The Japanese did not have enough prostitutes to supply the needs of the soldiers so they commissioned civilians to develop comfort houses. At the time, only a small percentage of Japanese women were mobilized to â€Å"work† in comfort houses and they were all prostitutes to begin with. The majority of the comfort women were actually Korean women, who were forcibly taken from Korea to service the needs of the Japanese soldiers. After the war, the Japanese government destroyed all evidence of their involvement in Japanese comfort houses, enforcing that commercial businessmen were responsible for the movement of women. Many of the comfort women were kidnapped or deceived into voluntarily working in comfort houses. Once they were there, they were trapped and forced into prostitution. Some women reported that Japanese agents offered them good jobs or education. Others were told that each family in the village had to donate a daughter to the war effort. Many others were offered food, shelter and factory jobs. The Japanese also kidnapped young, unmarried girls when they had a shortage of comfort women. The ages of the girls in the comfort houses ranged from 15 to 19, with the minority exception of some younger girls and some older, married women. The girls were transported between military bases like cargo, under heavy guard in army trucks, trains, ship and bus. They were forced to lose their virginity before arriving at the bases to prepare them for having sexual intercourse with tens of soldiers every day. Many women contemplated death after this, as they believed their virginity to be more precious than life. (Henson) When living in the comfort houses, the comfort women lived in fear and desperation. They were unable to leave, as they were heavily guarded. Each day, they were penetrated by as many as 50 soldiers, until they were sore and bloated to the point of not being able to open their legs. If they were infected with a sexually transmitted disease, they received injections known as Injection 606. If infected enough times, they lost their fertility. In Japan, infected women were killed. Their food was mixed with cyanide, their bodies taken to a cave and finally, the cave was blown up with a grenade. The comfort houses made money off these women and it is believed that the Japanese government paid them, as most of the soldiers paid by coupons. As soon as the war was finished, the Japanese Imperialist guards disappeared without trace. Most comfort women describe the experience this way, Suddenly, the soldiers came no more, and upon asking we found that the war had ended. In other regions, as the Japanese committed â€Å"harikari, the women were forced to do the same. In extreme cases, the women were put in a cave and blown up. After the war, many of the comfort women were too sick to be moved and were taken under the care of the American army. Most of the women were left with no place to go, as they were in a strange country with no money, and were too humiliated to go home. According to one comfort woman, my bodys wasted, therefore I do not dare go home in fear of being ignored and looked down upon. Even after the war ended, the comfort women were not free. Their guilty minds and inferiority complexes kept them from returning home and they stayed in foreign countries. The small amount that married, were often forced to separate after the fact that they were comfort women was known, or they were divorced because they could not have children. The victims are still suffering the pain physically and psychologically. More than half of them could not get pregnant, and most of them have chronicle diseases. Furthermore, the psychological impact on these women made them felt themselves dirty, ashamed that they disgraced themselves and isolated themselves from others. They are either afraid of getting married, or unable to ask for any commitment from their lovers. For those who got married, their marriage was unstable and unhappy due to their past. Some thought that they must have done something evil in their previous life that they have to be punished in this life. (Hicks) They go to tempos to chant sutras, to confess, to pursue liberation, and they even commit suicide. Although the period of time they spent at the Japanese military base was a small part of their life, what they had experienced caused an incurable impact on their health, marriage, mind, and social adaptation. Although the Japanese government continues to deny or minimize their involvement with comfort women, their defense is unraveling. A conference on Japanese Crimes Against Humanity: Sexual Slavery and Forced Labor was held last year, in which Japanese researchers delivered papers which claimed that the Japanese military, the rest of the government, and Japanese industry were all involved in the decision to provide sex slaves for the countrys soldiers. (Chunghee) Japanese historian Hirofumi Hayashi said: The establishment and development of the military comfort women system as not only carried out by the total involvement of every section of the military but also by administrative machinery at every level of the Japanese state In addition, we should not overlook that Japanese companies were their accomplices. (Chunghee) Researchers from the Center for Research and Documentation of Japans War Responsibilities in Yokohama showed that Japanese rubber companies were under government contra ct to supply 20 million condoms a year to armed forces once the decision had been made to provide sex slaves to the soldiers. Rumiko Nishino wrote that high-ranking adjutants commissioned by Cabinet and sub-Cabinet-level government officials implemented the distribution of the condoms. The availability of condoms to the general population became almost nil. (Chunghee) Last year, the Japanese appeals court overturned an earlier ruling that orders the government to compensate women who were forced to serve as sex slaves during World War II. Both sides had appealed that ruling. The plaintiffs because they thought the compensation was too small, and the government because they refused to pay. Duke) In deciding in favor of the government, the Hiroshima High Court said abducting women to use them as forced laborers and sex slaves was not a serious constitutional violation. Tokyo has admitted that its wartime army had set up brothels, and forced thousands of Koreans, Filipinos, Dutch and Chinese to serve as prostitutes, but it has refused to compensate these victims. Historians say as many as 200,000 women were f orced into sexual slavery during World War II.

Presidential Contenders 2008 Essay Example for Free

Presidential Contenders 2008 Essay Pre-election convention of the Democratic Party will pass on August 28 in Denver. The tensest conflict of the elections is between the candidates of the Democratic Party B. Obama and H. Klinton. The representative of Democratic Party will get the victory at the basic elections as Republicans have lost considerable support among the population because of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Besides, there is the crisis of crediting of a category subprime, which led to unemployment’s growth and to substantial damages of the companies. That’s why the results of the primaries are significant. Barack Obama won Wisconsins and Hawaii’s primaries on Tuesday, which extends his winning tendency and makes him hard to surpass in the remaining sixteen races. Clinton hasnt won a contest since Super Tuesday on Feb. 5. On Wednesday Obama picked up the support of the 1. 4 million-member Teamsters, his fourth labor endorsement in a week. Union support is expected to be key in the upcoming Ohio and Pennsylvania races. Clinton is behind in delegates, and the gap has been growing. She has to win fifty seven percent of the remaining primary and caucus delegates to erase Obamas lead, a daunting task requiring landslide-sized victories. According to some information, up to primary elections in Wisconsin Obama had on the account 1281 voices of party delegates at main congress whereas Clinton was the second (1218 voices). In Wisconsin 74 voices were played. In total the candidate from democrats have to get support of 2025 party delegates for promotion. Therefore the basic struggle still ahead. Obama also won â€Å"the Democrats Abroad global primary† on Thursday, giving him eleven straight wins. â€Å"More than 20,000 U. S. citizens living abroad voted in the primary, which ran from Feb. 5 to Feb. 12. Obama won about 65 percent of the vote, according to the results released Thursday. † (The Daily Tribune Newspaper, Feb 21) Hillary Clinton is not paying much attention to foreign policy. Clinton is going to establish a deadline for the American troops in Iraq. She will begin dialogues with Iran and she will try to limit Chinese imports to the American market probably to avoid recession. The race for democratic nominee isnt over yet the future situation can not be predicted exactly. Bearing in mind the trend of Obama’s winning the primaries will continue to show the desire of the American people.